Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Bee Venom Proteins Enhance Proton Absorption by Membranes Composed of Phospholipids of the Myelin Sheath and Endoplasmic Reticulum: Pharmacological Relevance

doi: 10.3390/ph18091334

Figure Lengend Snippet: Isoelectic focusing (IEF) of the bee venom fractions 1–7 in Ready Gel Precast Gels with ampholytes of pH gradient from 3.0 to 10.5. A multi-sample horizontal IEF gel was employed with 11 lanes containing the seven bee venom fractions and four unrelated samples. For presentation in , the lanes of the seven bee venom fractions were excised from the original IEF gel photograph and are arranged adjacently to facilitate comparative analysis. Lane 1 includes tube 3–6, lane 2 includes tubes 7–9, lane 3 includes tubes 10–11, lane 4 includes tubes 12–13, lane 5 includes tubes 14–16, lane 6 includes tubes 27–30, and lane 7 includes tubes 31–36, as shown in . The standard p I markers (FMC Corporation, Rockland, ME, USA) sample of a p I range from 4.65 to 10.6 is applied on the unmarked lane on the far left.

Article Snippet: The following materials and chemicals were used in this study: Phospholipids—phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine—were purified from the rat liver (see the Preparations section below), Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), Sephadex G-25 and CM Sephadex C-50 (Nanjing Duly Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) 10 M pH 8.5 buffer, 1.0 M Tris-HCl pH 6.8 with 0.4% SDS buffer, Bromo-phenol Blue (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ, USA); Mini-PROTEAN TGX precast gels (8% density), Isoelectric Focusing Gel Sample Buffer (IEF Gel), Ready Gel Precast Gels with ampholytes making pH gradient 3–10.5, 10× IEF Anode Buffer, 10× IEF Cathode Buffer (Bio-Rad Laboratories Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), IEF p I 4.65–10.6 range protein markers for IEF (Shanghai Yeyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), 50× TAE (Tris-acetate-EDTA, pH 8.3) buffer, Coomassie Brilliant Blue-R-250, low-molecular-weight markers for SDS-PAGE (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Shanghai, China), lyophilized bee venom (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), 3.5 kDa cutoff dialysis tubing (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), research grade Glycine (Asiamerica Group, Inc., Westwood, NJ, USA); Deionized-Distilled water (dd-H 2 O) (XiZhiMeng Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).

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